Sunday 28 June 2015

Do you want to become a lawyer in India ? you know Autonomous law schools in India ?

In India, autonomous law schools are the law schools founded pursuant to the second-generation reforms for legal education sought to be implemented by the Bar Council of India. The first such autonomous law school was the National Law SchoolBangalore which admitted its first batch in 1987. Since then a number of other national law schools have been established all over India and various other States are also considering options to establish such schools. Quite in contrast with the existing pattern of legal education in India, the proposed autonomous law schools varied in structural design and in various other respects. Some of these can be identified through the characteristics they carry, these being;
  • Autonomous status of the law schools: This implied that the law schools carried either a 'deemed university' or a 'university' status, which empowered them to grant their own degree and which was recognized by other institutions in terms of the University Grants Commission regulations.
  • Five year law programme: Earlier law degrees were granted only to those candidates who had already completed their graduation and after three years of formal legal education. However, the admission to these autonomous law schools were only to those candidates who had completed Grade 12.
  • Integrated degrees: In these autonomous law schools, students studied for a law degree in integration with another degree of their choice. This allowed prospective advocates to have understanding of areas other than law. It also compensated for the lack of three years of formal education of other subjects that candidates in traditional three year law degree programme carried. Initially the choice of second degree was confined to B.A. (Bachelor of Arts). However later with time other choices were also being offered like B.Sc. (Bachelor of Science), B.B.A. (Bachelor of Business Administration), B.Com.(Bachelor of Commerce), etc.
  • Intensive legal education: These law schools were given autonomy to devise the imparting of the curriculum in a manner which would best suit the candidate's ability to understand legal concepts and ability to appreciate various issues involved in legal setting and instill in them the merit and reasoning standards required for a high professional conducts. Also a standout features of these institutions is that these are single subject universities where the main thrust of education is on law with other complementary social sciences.
  • National status of law schools: These Schools are recognized by the university grants commission as "state universities" and are affiliated to the Bar Council of India. Each of these law schools were to be established under a specific legislation, to be passed by the State legislature of the State desirous of establishing a law school. In terms of these legislation, these law schools were required to establish and practice excellent and high standards, at par with other national level institutions imparting education in other wakes of social life. The conferment of national status also make admittance to these law schools at a prestigious choice and thus inviting meritorious students to get inclined to join legal profession.
  • Involvement of legal luminaries: To improve standards of legal education and ensure education imparted in these institutions met desired standards, the Bar Council of India involved various prestigious and talented individuals with these law schools. The most notable of these was the involvement of highly placed constitutional functionaries, such as the Chief Justice of India or the Chief Justice of various High Courts as the "Visitors" and often "Chancellors" of these law schools, which implied a constant involvement and supervision of elite figures of legal profession in India with these law schools.The first autonomous law school established to implement the reforms in legal education in India was the National Law School of India University (popularly "NLS") which was established in Bangalore in terms of the National Law School of India Act, 1986 passed by the Legislative Assembly of the State of Karnataka. The first batch to NLS was admitted in 1988 and the establishing Director was Prof. N.R. Madhava Menon, who is considered as a jurist in his own right (and who subsequently went on to be the founding Vice-Chancellor of the premier National University of Juridical Sciences, Calcutta). While the first batch of NLS passed out in 1993, it was only until the starting of the next decade that legal education through the medium of national law schools got popular.Following the NLS model, various other States also passed legislation in their respective State Legislative Assemblies to establish national law schools. While these essentially differ from NLS in terms of modalities etc., the structure and model of imparting legal education in these later law schools has remained the same. In the order of their date of establishment, these law schools are;
    1. National Law School of India University, Bangalore
    2. National Law Institute University, Bhopal
    3. NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad
    4. The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata
    5. National Law University, Jodhpur, Jodhpur
    6. Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur
    7. Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar
    8. Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Patiala
    9. Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University, Lucknow
    10. National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kochi
    11. Chanakya National Law University, Patna
    12. National Law University, Delhi, New Delhi
    13. Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University, Visakhapatnam
    14. National Law University Odisha, Cuttack
    15. National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi
    16. National Law School and Judicial Academy, Assam, Guwahati
    17. Tamil Nadu National Law School, Srirangam 
    18. Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai 
    19. Admission to LLB and LLM in most of the autonomous National law schools in India is based on performance in the highly competitive Common Law Admission Test (CLAT), with acceptance percentages being less than 1%. as per Official website of Universities, cut-off for BALLB first year, 2014, the ranking are as follows
      1. National Law School of India University, Bangalore
      2. NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad
      3. The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata
      4. National Law Institute University, Bhopal
      5. National Law University, Jodhpur, Jodhpur
      6. Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar
      7. Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University, Lucknow
      8. Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Patiala
      9. Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur
      10. National Law University Odisha, Cuttack
      11. National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kochi
      12. Chanakya National Law University, Patna
      13. Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University, Visakhapatnam
      14. Tamil Nadu National Law School, Srirangam
      15. National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi
      16. National Law School and Judicial Academy, Assam, Guwahati

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